externalities
美 [ɜkstɜr'nælɪtɪz] 
英 [ekstə:'nælɪtɪz]
- n.【哲】客观存在性；外表；形式主义
- 网络外部性；外部效应；外在性
词形变化
复数：externalities
英汉解释
英英解释
例句
The word is externalities, a concept that holds that money is not the only scarcity in the world.
这便是“外部性”，该概念告诉我们，货币并非世界上唯一的稀缺性。
Internalization may also come about spontaneously by the merger of two units inflicting large externalities upon one another.
当两个有着巨大的相互冲突的外差因素的单位合并时，内部化也可能自发地产生。
Somewhere in the heavens, Arthur Cecil Pigou, the economist who invented the concept of negative externalities, must be smiling.
发明“负外部性”概念的经济学家阿瑟•塞西尔•皮古（ArthurCecilPigou），肯定在天堂的某个地方露出了笑容。
In an equilibrium state we see that markets creating negative externalities of production will overproduce that good.
在均衡状态下，引发负面外部效应生产的市场中，该产品将过量生产。
In an equilibrium state we see that markets creating positive externalities of production will under produce that good.
在均衡状态下，引发正面外部效应生产的市场中，该产品生产不足。
As a matter of fact, the fundamental reason is not the low output, but the huge positive externalities of metro projects.
其实，地铁企业亏损的根本原因并非是由于产出少，而是因为地铁项目具有巨大的正外部性。
Congestion externalities----Higher costs resulting from an attempt to use resources at a higher-than-optimal capacity.
外部阻隔——在尝试更高而不佳的容量下的资源使用而导致的更高的成本。
Cultivated land is an important public resource with the attributes of public goods, while it has positive and negative externalities.
耕地是一种重要的公共资源，具有公共物品的属性，耕地利用会产生正的与负的外部效应。
As the externalities of knowledge are localized, they do not spill perfectly over spatial borders.
由于知识的外部性是当地化的，不能有效地跨空间溢出和转移。
And financial institutions often do not engage in the endogenous dynamic behavior with positive externalities.
而金融机构往往并没有内生动力从事具有正外部性的行为。
Ownership externalities occur when a seller is not able to change users of a product.
当产品的卖方不能够对产品的使用者收取费用时，就存在所有权外部性问题。
Compatibility is one of core issues of network externalities. The compatible policy has become a part of firm's strategies.
兼容性是网络外部性的核心问题之一，厂商的兼容策略已经成为其战略的一部分。
Occasionally, I buy and launch my own fireworks, generating cheerful positive externalities.
我自己偶尔会买点焰火来放，产生令人愉悦的正外部性。
When externalities occur, government may decide to step in and regulate these spillovers, or engage in public-good provision itself.
如发生外在性现象，政府可决定介入并调控这些外部效应，或执行公共货物供应规定。
This paper analyzes the externality of white-pollution, and discusses how the externalities show from the economic explanations.
文章首先从分析白色污染的外部性入手，并且重点从经济学的角度讨论其外部性的具体表现。
A re-examination of our economic system and its multiple externalities has been long overdue and needs far more attention worldwide.
我们早就应当对经济系统以及其多重外部性进行重新考察，这需要来自世界各国的更多关注。
The Externalities of environmental pollution problems make government interfering with environmental protection.
环境问题的外部性使得环境保护需要政府的介入；
Due to the existence of externalities, Market mechanism can't optimize the social resources allocation.
外部性问题的存在，导致市场机制不能完全达到社会资源的优化配置。
This is called bundling. It's bringing those externalities back into the price of the commodity.
这就叫捆绑销售，它将这些外部经济效益带入了这商品的价格中。
Finally, based on the concept of externalities and rural land intangible benefit, we define rural land external benefit .
最后，依据外部性概念，结合农地的无形效益，对农地的外部效益进行了界定。
According to non free exit model, the choice to secede brings too much negative externalities; the cost of the initiative exit is too high.
依据非自由退出模型，存续企业的退出选择面临障碍，负外部性大、本大。
And it will be the first time the globe has tackled the question of externalities over a long time period.
而且这也将是全球第一次处理追溯过去很长一段时间的外部成本。
Productive processes that result in pollution are a textbook example of production that creates negative externalities.
生产过程是生产实例的标本，前者会造成污染，后者创造负外部效应。
Markets become less-than-optimal allocators of resources when they fail to capture externalities in market prices.
在价格机制下如未能捕获外部性，市场不再是资源的最优配置方式。
If the externalities of fossil fuels were internalised, wind would be competitive today.
如果人们可以更多关注除却燃料的的能源，那么风能将具有竞争性。
Externalities cause markets to be inefficient, and thus fail to maximize total surplus.
外部性引起了市场的无效率，因此不能使得总剩余最大化。
Negative economic externalities and information asymmetry lead to market failures, so labor safety must be regulated by government.
负的经济外部性和信息不对称导致市场失灵，必须对劳动安全问题进行政府监管。
Airport noise , Obstacle limitation surfaces , Externalities.
机场噪音，禁限建管制，外部成本。
When a market outcome affects parties other than the buyers and sellers in the market, side-effects created are called externalities.
当市场结果影响到了除市场中买者和卖者以外的其他方，产生的副作用就称为外部性。
I think the environmental externalities and subsidies of the meat industry need to be exposed more so than just animal cruelty.
我认为仅仅曝光残杀动物的残忍还不够，还应曝光食肉对外部环境的影响和肉类产业的补贴。
b. Are the externalities associated with common resources generally positive or negative?
公共资源的外部性通常是正的还是负的？
Pigou advocated taxation as a way to combat the negative externalities, or side-effects, associated with certain activities.
庇古支持用税收来解决因为某些活动造成的负面外部效应或副作用。
Yet the accumulation of large war chests of foreign reserves through currency intervention carried negative externalities.
然而，不断的货币战争和对外汇市场的干预也为经济的发展带来了消极的外部因素。
Consumption externalities have their own implications, characteristics and cost-income conditions.
消费外部性有着其自身的涵义、特点和成本收益状况。
Insufficient supply of products with positive externalities are lack of enough physical or symbolic inspiration.
个人缺乏公共需求信息或缺乏物质和符号激励，导致具有环境正外部性的产品供给不足。
The forest ecosystem externalities feature large volume, space-time transfer, continuance and complexity.
森林生态效益外部性具有数量庞大、时空转移性、持续复杂性等特征。
In addition to standard competitive models, we study deviations due to externalities, asymmetric information, and imperfect rationality.
除了标准的竞争模型，我们将学习因外部经济效应、资讯不对称和不完全理性造成的偏差。
Production of public goods are a textbook example of production that create positive externalities.
公共商品生产是产生正面外部效应的典型实例。
Externalities are costs (or benefits) that are not borne by the parties to the economic transaction.
外部性是经济交易的双方不必承担的成本或利益。
With the function of network externalities being introduced, this paper studies the R&D behaviors of duopoly firms.
运用两阶段博弈模型，研究了网络外部性条件下双寡头企业的R&D合作策略。
