scratch

scratch

美 [skrætʃ] 　英 [skrætʃ]

  • v.划伤；挠；取消；刮坏
  • n.划伤；搔痒；刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声；挠痒
  • adj.仓促拼凑的；无让杆的；无差点的
  • 网络刮伤；刮痕；扒

词形变化

第三人称单数：scratches  现在分词：scratching  过去式：scratched  

反义词

同义词

英汉双解

v.
用指甲挠rub with your nails
1.
[t][i]
挠，搔（痒处）to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching
John yawned and scratched his chin.
约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
Try not to scratch.
尽量别挠。
She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.
她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
划破皮肤cut skin
2.
[t][i]
划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp
I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
我把腿抓出了血。
Does the cat scratch?
这只猫抓人吗？
She scratched herself on a nail.
她被钉子划了一下。
损坏表面damage surface
3.
[t]
~ sth
（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it
Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
小心别刮坏家具。
The car's paintwork is badly scratched.
车的漆面划损得很厉害。
造成╱去除痕迹make/remove mark
4.
[t]
~ sth + adv./prep.
刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp
They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.
他们在泥地上划出一个球场。
We scratched some of the dirt away.
我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
You can scratch my name off the list.
你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
发出声音make sound
5.
[i]
(+ adv./prep.)
刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp
His pen scratched away on the paper.
他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。
生计a living
6.
[t]
~ a living
勉强维持生活to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty
取消cancel
7.
[t][i]
取消；撤销；退出to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts
to scratch a rocket launch
取消火箭发射计划
The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.
这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
She had scratched because of a knee injury.
她因膝伤退出了比赛。
n.
划痕；划伤mark/cut
1.
[c]
（皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth
Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.
她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
a scratch on the paintwork
漆面上的一道划痕
It's only a scratch(= a very slight injury) .
不过是轻微的划伤。
He escaped without a scratch(= was not hurt at all) .
他毫发未损地逃了出去。
声音sound
2.
[sing]
刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface
用指甲with your nails
3.
[sing]
挠痒；搔痒the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches
Go on, have a good scratch!
来吧，好好挠一挠！
adj.
1.
仓促拼凑的put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available
a scratch team
一支仓促组建的队伍
2.
无让杆的；无差点的with no handicap
a scratch player
参加无让杆比赛的球手

习惯用语

scratch your head (over sth)
苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁to think hard in order to find an answer to sth
scratch the surface (of sth)
作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem
you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours
礼尚往来；私相授受used to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others
from scratch
从头开始；从零开始without any previous preparation or knowledge
I learned German from scratch in six months.
我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
从头（做起）；从零开始from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier
They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.
他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。
up to scratch
达到要求；合乎标准as good as sth/sb should be
His work simply isn't up to scratch.
他的工作根本达不到要求。
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.
得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。

英汉解释

v.
1.
(用爪,针等)搔;搔(痒);抓;抓(表面);刨;用爪刨[扒,挖](洞)
2.
抓伤[破];刮坏
3.
潦草地写;涂写;乱画
4.
(将马)从名单中勾消掉;(使)退出比赛;〈美〉(把...)从后补人名单中删掉
5.
刺刺地抓;作刮擦声
6.
涂掉,勾消;勾划掉 (out out of)
7.
停止;丢弃
8.
刨拢在一块,凑合
9.
勉强维持;〈美俚〉伪造(支票)
10.
(说唱乐录音中)(使)做出擦音效果
n.
1.
抓痕;搔痕;划痕
2.
抓伤;擦伤;微伤
3.
【地】擦痕;【建】刮痕
4.
抓;搔
5.
搔声;刮擦声
6.
〈口〉拙笔;乱写
7.
【台】造成罚分的一击;空球(亦要罚分)
8.
【体】(不接受让步待遇者的)平赛起步线;平赛起跑时间[开始时间]
9.
【体】零分;平局
10.
【拳】拳击开始线
11.
马脚葡萄疮
12.
半假发
13.
〈美俚〉伪造者;假造的支票[钞票]
14.
(说唱乐录音中的)擦音(技术)
adj.
1.
〈俚〉东拼西凑的;(船员,球队等)临时凑成的;凑合的;庞杂的,各种各样的
2.
碰巧的;偶然的
3.
平等比赛的;(赛跑等)无让步的
4.
随便写的;打草稿用的

英英解释

v.
1.
to pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch that makes you want to do this
2.
to cut someone’s skin slightly with something sharp; to damage a surface by marking it with something sharp or rough
3.
to move something sharp against a hard surface and make a noise; to produce new sounds by moving a record backward and forward quickly with your hand while the stylus is resting on the record
4.
to remove something, for example a word from a sentence or something from a list; to remove someone from a race before it begins
5.
to decide not to continue with something such as a plan or a project
6.
to write something very quickly and carelessly
n.
1.
a cut on the surface of your skin; a thin mark on a surface; used for emphasizing that someone is not hurt at all or that something is not damaged at all
2.
a sound made by moving something sharp or rough against a hard surface
3.
the action of pulling your nails along your skin
adj.
1.
a scratch player is one who does not have a handicap
2.
a scratch team or game is one that is organized quickly using any players who are available

例句

Residents who had refused to go outside before would join him on the front lawn to scratch his ears.

疗养中心那些原来不愿意出来的老人们也开始来到楼前草地搔它的耳朵。

But America is not starting from scratch, and none of the plans in Congress shows an appetite for such a European solution.

但是美国并没有从零开始，国会提出的议案中，没有任何一项有意效仿欧洲的这种解决方法。

Do not use abrasive kitchen cleaners, as they will scratch the surface.

不要使用磨料厨房清洁剂，因为它们将触及表面而伤害到它。

But scratch just below the surface, and you'll see that drug makers are crazy like a fox.

但是透过现象看本质，你会发现制药商像狐狸一样狡猾。

"We are only beginning to scratch the surface, " says Mallet.

马拉特说，“我们现在只是刚开始触及到问题的表面。”

If you were to make many of these convenience foods yourself, from scratch, you would see that they don't really taste anything alike.

如果你自己要用这些方便食品做饭菜，你会发现这些食品从一开始就什么味道都不像。

There were ways to get to 60 votes. The White House just had to scratch it out with a real strategy and a never-let-go attitude.

拿到60票有很多办法。但白宫一定要规划一份真正的策略出来，要有绝不放弃的态度。

But with the help of the palladium techniques, scientists are now able to make it from scratch, enough to start clinical testing.

在钯技术的帮助下，科学家如今可以从头合成，足以开始临床测试。

Furniture scratch repair: Make a paste of coffee grounds and a little water and apply to furniture scratches with a Q-tip.

修补家具上的刮痕：用少许水将咖啡渣制成糨糊状，然后快速地粘在家具的刮痕处。

Exposure to cats may raise a question of cat-scratch fever in a patient who presents with unilateral lymphadenopathy of an extremity.

和猫有过接触肢体单侧淋巴结病的病人可能和猫爪热有关。

For the problem described here, it would be possible to construct a collaboration from scratch or to reuse an existing collaboration.

对这里描述的问题，可能要从头构造一个协作或是重用现有协作。

In this short talk, I can only scratch the surface of the database and its implications.

在这篇短文中，我只能截取数据库的一点皮毛和启示。

Post-graduates are supposed to be expert in their areas of study, rather than to scratch the surface of their fields.

研究生应该精通自己的专业，而不是对其略知皮毛。

We thought we were documenting it for posterity, but there they are, haunting me with an exactness that doesn't even scratch the surface.

我们以为自己是在为子孙保存纪录，但它们只是忠实地记录了我没刮胡子的样子。

As obvious as this should be, it's often helpful to be able to clean up what you've done and start from scratch.

显然，如果能够清除所做的工作，然后重新开始新的工作常常是有益的。

For a plate of fine scratches, can be used to dip in a little dilute sulfuric acid with a soft brush on scratch Office for processing.

差于印版上的划痕，可以用细毛笔蘸极众稀硫酸涂在划痕处办理。

the foreman turned round to hear patiently and , lifting an elbow , began to scratch slowly in the armpit of his alpaca jacket.

工长掉过身来，好耐着性子去倾听。他举起一只胳膊肘，开始慢慢地挠他身上那件羊驼呢夹克的腋窝底下。

Sows are kept in gestation crates the size of their bodies and never able to turn around or even scratch themselves.

母猪被关在和它们身体差不多大小的孕期围栏里不能转身，甚至蹭痒痒。

Pele, perhaps the greatest player ever in the world's most popular sport, is still trying to scratch out a living at the age of 68.

贝利（Pele）也许是足球这一世界上最热门的体育运动史上最伟大的球员，但已经68岁的他仍在辛苦谋生。

The guy dropped a piece of the glass into a bag full of keys and shook it hard; it came out without a scratch on it!

他将这片玻璃扔进一个装满钥匙的袋子里，然后使劲摇晃；当拿出来时，它居然没有一点划痕。

Drouet felt a scratch in his throat.

杜洛埃觉得喉头有些发痒。

So the poor thing was longing for you to tickle her and she did when you did tickle her was scratch you, why did that happen?

可怜的是她想让你逗她，当你逗她的时候她也挠你了，为什么会这样呢？

However, chip designers are faced with a difficult challenge when trying to develop a ten million gate design from scratch.

但是，芯片设计师面对一个困难的挑战当设法发展十百万个门从头设计。

The stump of Tyrion's nose was itching fiercely. He gave it a scratch.

提利昂的半截鼻子奇痒无比，他抓了抓它。

That tells me that either their software is not up to scratch or something funny is going on.

这只能说不是他们的软件不达标，就是出了怪事。

The utility model is fast and convenient to demount staples and is not easy to scratch paper surface, which is an ideal office appliance.

本实用新型拆除书钉快捷、方便，又不易划伤纸面是一种理想的办公用具。

With a localized problem like this, the logical course of action is not to scrap your entire car and try to rebuild it from scratch.

对于这样的局部问题，合理的做法不是拆除整个汽车并从头开始重新构建它。

Please do not hit me. I cannot hit back, but I can bite and scratch and I don't ever want to feel the need to do that.

请不要打我。我不能还手，但我可以咬你或者抓伤你，而我压根不想产生冲动去做那种事。

On the card than to scratch with the knife and easy to use, I said this method.

比给牌上用小刀划比较容易上手，我说的这个方法。

The features and methods discussed in this article really only scratch the surface of what you can accomplish with an ADC.

这篇文章中对于特性和方法的讨论仅仅是浅尝辄止，旨在让您了解可以利用ADC实现哪些目标。

Pay for one to be modified or produced from scratch if your needs cannot be met any other way.

如果你不能找到任何其他的方法，那么需要为模板（修改的模板或从头开始制作的模板）付费。

'Good gracious, yes-but you must n't let him scratch that wound, 'said the vet, washing his hands. 'If he does, it may go wrong. '

“真有礼貌，是的-但是你千万不能让他抓到伤口。”兽医一边洗手一边说“如果他这样做了，那会很糟的。”

In the case of a new method built from scratch, the Method Definition is empty at the beginning of the project.

从新创建方法的例子中，方法定义在这个项目的开始是空白。

There, I learnt that everything is possible because companies that have come from there begin from scratch.

在那里，我发现，什么事情都有可能，因为从那里出来的很多公司都是从零做起的。

So one of our talented artists, Michal Gutowski spent a year dedicated to the vegetation, modelling every one of our 80+ trees from scratch.

因此，我们的天才美工师，麦克·古托夫斯基在植被上花费了一年心血，为我们80多种树木的每一个都从头开始制作了模型。

If part of the prototype was a problem for one user, you can scratch it out or replace it before the next user arrives.

如果原型的某个部分对某个用户存在问题，你可以在下一个用户到来之前划掉或者更换它。

Daniel was thrown into a lions den, and he came out without a scratch.

但以理被丢进狮子坑，出来时毫无损伤。

But scratch the surface and the differences between the great spy scandals of the Cold War and the current case are actually glaring.

但在初步研究一下，会发现现在的案子与冷战时期的主要间谍丑闻有着令人吃惊的区别。

the flexibility of the fiber leads the abrasive grains not to scratch the surface of a polishing workpiece.

借此，所述纤维的柔韧性使所述研磨粒不易刮伤被抛光工件的表面。

These three sectors just scratch the surface of new job potential: China is far from suffering 'overcapacity in everything.

这三个行业仅仅反映了岗位创建潜力的冰山一角；中国绝对不是各行各业都产能过剩。

But many of you are still trying to find something, anything to scratch out a living or build a resume.

不过，有很多人仍在努力寻找任何可以养活自己、或在简历上加上一笔的工作。

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